Coronary heart disease, also known as angina or chest pain, occurs due to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, leading to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle. The primary symptom is discomfort in the chest, but many patients may not exhibit noticeable symptoms, making it easier to overlook.
Typical Symptoms
- Location: Often felt in the center of the chest
- Description: Sensation of pressure or heaviness
- Triggers: Frequently triggered by physical activity, emotional stress, or exertion
High-Risk Groups
- Gender: Men generally have a higher risk than women, but the risk in women increases after menopause.
- Additional Risks: Individuals with hypertension, high cholesterol, high blood sugar (the "three highs"), obesity, a family history of heart disease, or smokers are considered at higher risk for coronary heart disease.
Types of the Disease
- Stable Angina: Caused by plaque buildup that leads to discomfort, typically occurring during physical exertion or emotional stress and alleviated by rest.
- Unstable Angina (More Dangerous): Involves unstable plaque that may rupture suddenly, forming a blood clot that severely obstructs blood flow. Symptoms can occur unexpectedly at rest and may progress to a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Treatment Options
- Medication:
- Antiplatelet medications to prevent clot formation.
- Statins to manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of complications.
- Surgical Interventions:
- Angioplasty (also known as "通波仔"): A minimally invasive procedure to open narrowed arteries.
- Bypass Surgery: A more invasive approach to reroute blood around blocked arteries.
Post-Operative Care
After surgery, patients must adhere to a regular medication regimen and follow-up appointments. They should also engage in appropriate exercise under medical supervision. Additionally, controlling the three highs, quitting smoking, and adjusting diet and lifestyle are crucial for long-term heart health.
Early diagnosis, proactive treatment, and establishing a healthy lifestyle are key to managing coronary heart disease and improving quality of life.
